Studies published since the early 1990s, however, have produced more inconsistent results: a slight majority has confirmed earlier conclusions, but almost as many have found few significant differences in reading speed or comprehension between paper and screens. Before 1992 most studies concluded that people read slower, less accurately and less comprehensively on screens than on paper. Since at least the 1980s researchers in many different fields-including psychology, computer engineering, and library and information science-have investigated such questions in more than one hundred published studies. As digital texts and technologies become more prevalent, we gain new and more mobile ways of reading-but are we still reading as attentively and thoroughly? How do our brains respond differently to onscreen text than to words on paper? Should we be worried about dividing our attention between pixels and ink or is the validity of such concerns paper-thin? Nevertheless, the video brings into focus an important question: How exactly does the technology we use to read change the way we read? How reading on screens differs from reading on paper is relevant not just to the youngest among us, but to just about everyone who reads-to anyone who routinely switches between working long hours in front of a computer at the office and leisurely reading paper magazines and books at home to people who have embraced e-readers for their convenience and portability, but admit that for some reason they still prefer reading on paper and to those who have already vowed to forgo tree pulp entirely.
Today's so-called digital natives still interact with a mix of paper magazines and books, as well as tablets, smartphones and e-readers using one kind of technology does not preclude them from understanding another. Young children who have never seen a tablet like the iPad or an e-reader like the Kindle will still reach out and run their fingers across the pages of a paper book they will jab at an illustration they like heck, they will even taste the corner of a book. Or maybe she had no expectations at all-maybe she just wanted to touch the magazines. Perhaps his daughter really did expect the paper magazines to respond the same way an iPad would. "Magazines are now useless and impossible to understand, for digital natives"-that is, for people who have been interacting with digital technologies from a very early age. "Technology codes our minds," he writes in the video's description. The girl's father, Jean-Louis Constanza, presents "A Magazine Is an iPad That Does Not Work" as naturalistic observation-a Jane Goodall among the chimps moment-that reveals a generational transition. When nothing happens, she pushes against her leg, confirming that her finger works just fine-or so a title card would have us believe.
In the following scenes she appears to pinch, swipe and prod the pages of paper magazines as though they too were screens. In a viral YouTube video from October 2011 a one-year-old girl sweeps her fingers across an iPad's touchscreen, shuffling groups of icons.
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